panaeolus cinctulus look alike panaeolus cinctulus look alike

Reported from North America, South America, Europe, middle Siberia, Africa and Hawaiian archipelago. Because unpleasant side-effects become more likely at higher doses, its always better to err on the side of taking too little rather than taking too much. If possible, save the mushrooms or some of the leftover food containing the mushrooms to help confirm identification. he lady referred to as Mrs. Y., who also ate the mushrooms, is his niece by marriage. Other cases of mistaken identity could also cause problems, and running afoul of the law could be very serious. To reduce the risk of an allergic reaction, always administer with caution. Despite its alarming history and association with so-called poisonings, no human deaths have ever been recorded from this mushroom. You can't run your computers, your fashion houses, your publishing houses, your damn magazines, you can't do anything in culture without psychedelic people in key positions. Ever wondered why some Mushroom Supplements are so cheap? Panaeolus subalteatus Also known as: Panaeolus cinctulus Belted Panaeolus, banded mottlegill Order Agaricales, Family Psathyrellaceae CAP WITH DARK ZONE RINGING CAP EDGE Cap: 2-3.5 cm wide; broadly convex to plane; brownish with dark ring forming about one cm before the cap edge GILLS FIRST LIGHT THEN BLACKISH BROWN Read more about our, If youre looking for peer support during or after a psychedelic experience, contact. I have no idea what it is nor how to prepare it. Oregon, USA. does boiling the mushroom get rid of the beneficial compounds found in the fruit? The species is especially fond of horse dung and appears almost wherever horses do, having spread around the world. Panaeolus means variegated - and indeed the caps of many Panaeolus species are zoned, but the generic name is not a reference to the cap coloring but to the mottled or variegated coloring of the gills. Habitat: In lawns, on woodchips, in forests; saprotrophic. Its best to proceed with caution when trying out any new species of psychedelic mushroom for the first time, and understand that when it comes to finding a comfortable dosage, a few weaker dose-finding trips might be preferable to one thats far too intense. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Poison centres provide free, expert medical advice 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Similar to Panaeolina foenisecii. (1887), Campanularius semiglobatus Murrill (1911), Panaeolus semiglobatus (Murrill) Sacc. One mushroom that is sometimes mistaken for P. cinctulus is Panaeolus foenisecii, which also grows on lawns. But the people who use this species[i] for its psychoactive properties dont usually call it The Banded Mottlegill. The caps of P. cinctulus mushrooms can grow up to around two inches in diameter when fully mature, turning from dome-shaped (hemispherical or convex) to flat as they grow in size. Stem: Proportionately medium-length and thin. ", "Neuroscience for Kids - Hallucinogenic Mushrooms", "Guide to Hunting and Identifying Panaeolus subbalteatus", "Erowid Psilocybin Mushroom Vault: Observations Regarding the Suspected Psychoactive Properties of Panaeolus foenisecii Maire", A Worldwide Geographical Distribution of the Neurotropic Fungi, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panaeolus_cinctulus&oldid=1123977219, This page was last edited on 26 November 2022, at 18:53. Get our definitive guide on trusted legal retreat centers, clinical trials, therapists, and more. They are macroscopically similar mushrooms that were once thought to be the same. cheers, really good article, btw <3, in case that someone would like to ingest these, is making tea the best option? Look-alikes include hallucinogenic mushrooms that can be recognized by their darker spore colours-black in Panaeolus species; dark purplish brown in Psilocybe species; and by the bases of their stems, which in the hallucinogenic species often bruise blue. However, potency can vary from specimen to specimen, plus human sensitivity also varies. If youre used to dosing with P. cubensis, a good starting point for consuming P. cinctulus would be at least the same amount as your preferred P. cubensis dose. This is probably why Panaeolina foenisecii is occasionally listed as a psychoactive species in older literature. According to American naturalist and mycologist David Arora, Panaeolus cinctulus is the most common psilocybin mushroom in California. Covered with a glass. Smell: May sometimes smell a little mealy. Experienced foragers claim this rare blue staining is most likely observed in the mushroom stems or in their sclerotia, with blue staining caps the rarest of all. Agaricus cinctulus Bolton (1791)Coprinus cinctulus (Bolton) Gray (1821)Agaricus fimicola var. A thick, darker band runs around the outer margin of the cap.Gills: Brownish with white edges, becoming blackish with age. October 12, 2019 at 10:50 am. Ring or veil: None. Thanks for coming by Margaret, hope to see you again! The spores ripen in patches and the dark brown colour of the ripest ones causes the mottling. The psilocybin and psilocin levels are higher in Panaeolus cyanescens than in other magic mushrooms, of which there may be over 100 different types. Panaeolus cinctulus (Bolton) Britzelm. The colour is initially light brown, then mottled brown (see Additional Images), then brown. cinctulus have also been occasionally documented to produce small sclerotia, nicknamed blue pearls by cultivators. But so are some poisonous species, including the Deadly Galerina (Galerina marginata). The Panaeolus subbalteatus / cinctulus contains approximately 0,7% psilocybin and 0,46% baeocystin along with large amounts of serotonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan. Hygrophanous. article is very informative and leaves me with no unanswered questions. Mycology Collections Portal, accessed March 2018. The maximum known potency of P. cinctulus puts them at about half as strong as your average P. cubensis variety. Most species of hallucinogenic mushrooms have smooth spore walls rather than subtly . After losing more water, caps become light beige, orangish in the centre. One species, F. velutipes[v], is a well-known, highly-prized edible, better known by its Japanese name, Enoki. Turns out some of these aren't just foes. Panaeolus affinis. Sine experientia nihil sufficienter sciri potest -Roger Bacon, http://urbanmushrooms.com/index.php?id=42, Visual diagram for the administration of dimethyltryptamine, Visual diagram for the administration of ayahuasca, http://www.mushroomexper/agrocybe_pediades.html, https://www.erowid.org/eiences/exp.php?ID=93696, https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/h8876. There is evidence that children can become ill after eating these little brown mushrooms, and so on a precautionary basis at least they should be treated as toxic toadstools and not gathered for eating. In tropical regions, the mushrooms grow year-round. Panaeolus cinctulus: Identification, Look Alikes, Effects , Panaeolus cinctulus look alikes The Pub Shroomery , Panaeolus Mushroom Identification TheRescipes.info, Panaeolina foenisecii: The Ultimate Mushroom Guide. In 1963 Tyler and Smith found that this mushroom contains serotonin, 5-HTP and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. That is, while psilocybin use does have its risks (see note on Toxicity), dangerous reactions are rare. I ordered a "mystery mushroom" box and got this. The mushroom was rediscovered in 1916 by American mycologist William Murril while working at the New York Botanical Garden. The Turf Mottlegill, has a dark-brown cap when wet and dries out to become mid brown. Spores101.co is the best supplier Ive come across. According to Murils report, a local field mushroom cultivator, along with four members of her household had eaten what we now know to be P. cinctulus by mistake with nearly fatal results. Thinking he had discovered a new poisonous mushroom, Murrill named this species Panaeolus venenosus (derived from the Latin word for poison), and recommended an immediate warning be sent out that poisonous mushrooms may apparently develop from commercial spawn and that growers must be careful to eat or sell from their mushroom beds only the common mushroom with white cap and pink gills, Agaricus campester [sic].. Lawnmower's mushroom10, sketch by Oluna Ceska showing the habit, warty spores with a small pore at one end, and the elongate or bottle-shaped sterile cells that give gill edges their light colour. . Do not use any information in this article to go to prison. No clinically relevant effects in children after accidental ingestion of. Panaeolus cinctulus? Produced a spore print by separating the cap, placing it face down on a white sheet of paper, and adding a drop of water to stimulate the process. Taking out your phone and looking at it intently is usually sufficient to normalize you. Baeocystin produces similar, if not almost exactly the same effects of psilocin. Mushroom farmers had to weed it out from the edible mushrooms because of its hallucinogenic properties. Her husband (Mr. The result is that one finds many specimens in the process of transforming their colors, with different tones in distinct areas. In recent years, cultivators have had some successes reproducing these sclerotia, though many have found the yield to be too low to be worth the effort. General Mushroom Discussion Wild , Panaeolus Cyanescens: The Psychedelic Blue Meanies Mushroom, Panaeolus fimicola: The Ultimate Mushroom Guide, Panaeolus cinctulus or panaeolus foenisecii? Only time will tell. Correct identification is essential because both Panaeolus cinctulus or Panaeolus olivaceus are psychedelic while Panaeolina foenisecii is arguably not. Panaeolus albellus. The maximum known potency of P. cinctulus puts them at about half as strong as your average P. cubensis variety. Grows in dung (especially horse dung),compost, rotting hay and in well manured ground in the spring, summer and early fall. AIR Awareness Outreach; AIR Business Lunch & Learn; AIR Community of Kindness; AIR Dogs: Paws For Minds AIR Hero AIR & NJAMHAA Conference The mottling effect on the gills of Panaeolina foenisecii is due to patches of spores of different parts of the gill surface-reaching maturity at different times. Thin. The stem is a similar color to the cap and exhibits the same hygrophanous characteristics, though it also has a white powdery (pruinose) or fibrous (fibrillose) coating. Thanks. Panaeolus cyanescens is a very potent hallucinogenic mushroom, and this results from it being a strong producer of psychoactive compounds psilocybin and psilocin. It has been found in the USA in all 50 states and every continent except Antarctica. This phenomenon was first observed on agar in a cultivation experiment in the 1930s, where they were first mistaken for contamination. To tell these two apart, key distinguishing features include lighter stems and a dark brown (not black) spore print. One record of such an event involved a hospital admission of a Scottish man and woman who reported nausea, difficulty carrying out work, as well as a sharpening of the senses.. Live plants. Cup: None. Other names: Banded Mottlegill, Weed Panaeolus, Subbs. 2021 DoubleBlind Mag | Privacy Policy | Refunds. I recently became interested in hunting shrooms, instead of growing them myself, and I came across a post that said Panaeolus cinctulus is common in well fertilized lawns in the midwest (I'm in the midwest, and I do use fertilizer). Morphologically, Panaeolus cinctulus can be easily confused with other species of psilocybin mushrooms. Gills: Broadly to narrowly attached, moderately close. Panaeolus africanus, psychoactive. Unlike most Psilocybe species which have a purplish-brown spore print, the spores of P. cinctulus collect to form a jet black print. So fond is this species of horse dung that it often appears as a contaminant in the cultivation of other dung-loving species. Panaeolus cinctulus The pansor mottlegillsare not all psychoactive, but some in the group are very potent. Bruises blue. United States (WA, OR, ID): 1-800-222-1222. Panaeolus subbalteatus (newly named, https://mushroomobserver.org/observer/show_observation/207072, https://wildmushroomhunting.org/index.php?/topic/182-, https://ultimate-mushroom.com/poisonous/212-, https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~biodiv/mushroom/P_foenisecii.html. Prior to taking ANY supplements you should consult a health care professional. sont Psilocybe semilanceata et Paneolus cinctulus, eut. Panaeolina foenisecii is a very common and widely distributed little brown mushroom often found on lawns. Give them a try. A website to record observations about mushrooms, help people identify unfamiliar mushrooms, and expand the community around the scientific exploration of mushrooms (mycology). Given this variation in potency, some have found that a psychedelic experience brought on by a particularly strong batch of P. cinctulus might be more comparable to trip on a weaker variety of P. cubensis. Spores: 1118 x 69 m, almond-shaped, dark brown, with a subtly roughened surface. This bluing feature is so rare that early studies of this species claimed it didnt bruise blue at all. In the early 1900s, it was even referred to as a weed because it was often found growing in the beds of commercial white button mushrooms and had to be picked out by hand before the mushrooms could be sold. This species was described in 1800 by Christiaan Hendrick Persoon, who named it Agaricus panaeolinia. Your email address will not be published. Spore color: Reddish-brown. The psilocybin potency ranges from weak to moderate but might be the only active mushroom you will ever be able to find. While the lawnmower's mushroom is not highly toxic, some of its look-alikes are dangerous if eaten, especially to children and pets. There is no consensus about the correct taxonomic position of fungi in the genera Panaeolus and Panaeolina, which some authorities include in the family Strophariaceae and others in the Bolbitiaceae. thank you. Reports that the species sometimes does contain hallucinogens have not been confirmed7. British Columbia: 604-682-5050 or 1-800-567-8911. Geographical distribution: Common, especially in well-watered lawns in summer, throughout North America and Europe. There have been several people injured from look alikes. It grows abundantly after rain. cinctulus (Bolton) Cooke (1883)Panaeolus fimicola var. Below the ring, young specimens may have whitish fibrils. Everyone thought this shroom was poisonousand then they realized it was magic. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); The statements made on healing-mushrooms.net have NOT been evaluated by the FDA. In my area (Denver suburbs) these mushrooms (Panaeolus cinctulus) as well as their look alike, Panaeolina foenisecii, are very very common, you see them in spring, all the way to fall. P.cinctulus specifically is often said to give a happier trip than the more familiar (to many) Psilocybe cubensis, thanks to a slightly different chemical profile, although there are very few published trip reports for this species[ii]. Re: Panaeolus cinctulus look alikes [Re: ralboom] #11552359 - 11/30/09 07:29 AM (12 years, 9 months ago) Panaeolus subbalteatus (newly named Panaeolus cinctulus) is easy to identify despite what others currently say. With these calculations in mind, as well as Erowid's dosage recommendations for Psilocybe cubensis, the following dosages for banded mottlegill mushrooms are a good rule of thumb: Light: 0.35-1.25 g. Common: 1.25-3.5 g. Panaeolus cyanescens is hallocinogenic where P.Antillarum is not. The color of the cap changes as the mushroom dries out (hygrophanous), with moist caps looking reddish-brown and dry caps taking on a creamy white appearance. was present, but ate no mushrooms. Gill edges remain lighter than sides of gills (see Additional Images). The few descriptions of accidental P. cinctulus ingestion result in symptoms that on the surface appear to be consistent with a magic mushroom experience. Color brownish and mottled, with the edges remaining whitish, blackish when fully mature. Some foragers have found small blue-green sclerotia growing in between the mycelium under where P. cinctulus mushrooms appear, but reports of this finding are incredibly rare. Lawnmower's mushroom2, cap margins changed from brown to buff with loss of water, photograph by Ludovic Le Renard. Foragers may find these mushrooms growing alone or in large patches, either as many single mushrooms or in little clumps. just dont eat any till . If the spore print is rusty brown or cinnamon brown and if a ring is present around the stem, the mushroom may be one of the Galerina or Conocybe species that contain potent, liver-destroying amatoxins. J.Schrt. there are thousands my friend :) as the boys told ya, get some more pics.-habitat-more fruit (with stem)-view spores under scope if u are serious about it and truly think u have a winner culture it, u got nothin tolose till u find the id for certain. I'm almost positive they are P.cinctulus, although I'm not really sure how difficult it would be to identify one compared to, say, P. acuminatus, or another similar Panaeolus. Possibly.. if I'm right the panaelous genus doesn't have any toxic look alikes. Beug, M. W., Shaw, M. & Cochran, K. W. Thirty-plus years of mushroom poisoning: Summary of the approximately 2,000 reports in the NAMA case registry. I appreciate your blog and hope you could add a more inclusive blog with this same format! P.cinctulus is a little brown mushroom or LBM, a member of a large group of mostly unrelated non-descript species that are very easy to mix up. If an edible species somewhere has a toxic look-alike, chances are the look-alike is a cort [iv]. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. These mushrooms have been consumed for approximately 3000 years, originally dating back to Mexico, and are still used by natives in ceremonies, including religious ceremonies, and for healing purposes. Spores 1318 x 710 m; subamygdaliform; with a large pore (2 m); verrucose; reddish brown and uniguttulate in KOH; dextrinoid. & Broome (1861)Panaeolus subbalteatus (Berk. Regardless, it will cause hallucinations. Crucial identifying features for Panaeolina foenisecii include its small size and habitat in the grass, along with the dark brown to purplish brown spore print, the lack of a ring or other evidence of a partial veil, and the "hygrophanous" cap: as the cap loses moisture and begins to dry out, its color changes rather dramatically. While mistaking the Deadly Galerina for P. cinctulus is unlikely (the two do not share a habitat) it is possible, and the possibility is undoubtedly the most potentially dangerous thing about eating P. cinctulus. Overland Park, Johnson Co., Kansas, USA [Click for map]. In Denver, Panaeolina foenisecii are claimed to be psychoactive, there are several cases in which a parent allowed a child to play in the lawn, and later found the child eating mushrooms and hallucinating, there are actually a few of these cases, however the mushroom identified in all cases was Panaeolina foenisecii. Can be anywhere in color from whitish to dark brown, darker at the base. I believe Mushrooms are the best kept secret when it comes to health and well being. Another possibility is that the name P. cinctulus might hide a number of similar species including those that do produce sclerotia and those that do not.. Psilocybin and psilocin are listed as Class A (United Kingdom) or Schedule I (US) drugs under the United Nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. Farmers of the popular white button mushrooms have used another name for itthe weed Panaeolus. DoubleBlind Mag is devoted to fair, rigorous reporting by leading experts and journalists in the field of psychedelics. It grows abundantly after rain. It has also been sighted in Melbourne, Australia, Belgium, and The Czech Republic. Close, adnate to adnexed, cream-colored when young, later mottled dingy brown then to soot-black. Picture of dried and bagged harvest from the last three days. It may be that those out hunting for P. cinctulus are simply picking the mushrooms but ignoring the small sclerotia lying just below the surface. Spore walls are smooth in the Conocybe but Galerina marginata, like the lawnmower's mushroom, has slightly roughened spore walls5,6. [citation needed], Last edited on 26 November 2022, at 18:53, "A worldwide geographical distribution of the neurotropic fungi, an analysis and discussion", "List of psychotropic substances under international control", "What is serotonin? Like many other Panaeolus species, P. cinctulus are considered challenging to grow compared to easier to cultivate species like P. cubensis. Growing in areas much like P. semilanceata, Found on areas where horses reside and on the hay bails that have been left out. Sometimes people with low levels of serotonin suffer from mood disorders such as depression or a general feeling of being down. 102k members in the ShroomID community. Sustainable, ethically sourced, native American owned. Interested in having a psychedelic experience, but don't know where to start? Cheilocystidia variable in form, mostly pear shaped, 14-21 by3-7 microns. Poison Control: The hollow stem of P. cinctulus lacks any veil remnants and can reach up to four inches in height. Now, the caps of mica will turn into ink within several hours slower to auto-digest,,,and much less ink on the mica as opposed to its sibling Coprinopsis atramentaria. Panaeolus subbalteatus, commonly known as the banded mottlegill, weed Panaeolus or subbs is a very common, widely distributed psilocybin mushroom. (First two pictures). If after an hour or so youre not feeling the familiar effects, then you can always take a little more and see how you go from there. Note: Cultivating and foraging psilocybin mushrooms remains illegal in many places around the world. There have been some reports of people becoming sick after eating P. foenisecii, so if in doubt, avoid eating. Always check the laws in your region before proceeding. P.cinctulus is generally said to be either similar to Psilocybe cubensis or somewhat weaker, meaning somebody used to "cubes" would want a similar or larger dose to achieve the same results. Some state or local jurisdictions either allow personal use or at least decline to enforce the laws against personal use, but the Federal law is still in force. The banded part of this species name refers to the way the outer part of the cap is usually (not always) darker than the middle. With that being said, if you want to try and find a dose that works for you, check out our general magic mushroom dosage guide. Much depends on the setting and on the users mindset going into the experience. The gills start cream-colored in young specimens but mature through brown to sooty black as the spores develop. How to tell the difference between liberty caps and lookalikes like panaeolus? -terence mckenna. Look-alikes include hallucinogenic mushrooms that can be recognized by their darker spore coloursblack in, Lawnmower's mushrooms are common in lawns and so they are among the most frequent mushrooms nibbled by young children. [11][12], Baeocystin is a psilocybin mushroom alkaloid and analog of psilocybin. They have a brownish-purple spore print and grown almost all year round (but prolifically in the spring time). However, its important to always check laws in your region before foraging for psilocybin mushrooms; these naturally-occurring psychedelics are decriminalized in some places, but certainly not all. The following is a list of the about 98 Panaeolus mushroom species: [1] Panaeolus cinctulus. Light brown, when immature, become greyish with maturity. Although, when young and small mica does not necessarily feature the striations or theyre very faint in my experience. Found in all 50 states and in most countries. Despite this, dedicated growers have successfully grown the mycelium on agar, liquid culture, grain, and PF tek cakes. This means that if youre used to dosing with P. cubensis, a good starting point for consuming P. cinctulus would be at least the same amount as your preferred P. cubensis dose. Grows in tropical regions of both hemispheres; widely grown across the world, including Africa, Australia, Europe, South Americas, Hawaii, India and Tasmania. Posted 27 May 2012 - 04:12 PM. Sometimes bruising bluish at the base. You can also try out our magic mushroom dosage calculator where you can choose between six dosage levels, including microdose and heroic dose. The mushrooms are saprobes that decompose. Spores black in deposit, lemon shaped in side view, subellipsoid in face view.11.5-14 by 7.5-9.5 microns. Dark brown to purple-brown or nearly black. Dosage Like other psychedelic mushrooms, P. cinctulus have been found to contain psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin. Even more serious problems, such convulsions or permanent psychological harm are possible, but very rare. Tubaria furfuracea is similar to Panaeolus cyanescens, but it is not poisonous; although it is hygrophanous like Panaeolus cyanescens, it grows in woodchips and not dung; they are also more delicate and not as bendy as Panaeolus cyanescens; they also have a spore print that is light orange or brown. & Broome) Sacc. Edible and Poisonous . 50-60 mm long by 2-4 mm thick. Panaeolus cinctulus is a cosmopolitan species that grows solitary to gregarious to cespitose (densely clumped) on compost piles, well-fertilized lawns and gardens, and, rarely, directly on horse dung. Many experienced magic mushroom foragers state that the typical bluing reaction, found in both the mycelium and fruiting bodies, is less common in P. cinctulus. This mushroom was first discovered in the 1860s growing in a grassy field in the quiet village of Apethorpe, England by renowned mycologists Miles Joseph Berkeley and Christopher Edmund Broome, who gave it the name Panaeolus subbalteatus. (Im trying to remember something that was recommended to me and all I remember is the word blue). Y.) *By the way I think they are Panaeolus Cinctulus. The Dung Roundhead, has a transient ring and leaves a brown spore print. Compared to P. cinctulus this mushroom also doesnt show as obvious a color change depending on its moisture content. Lack of a ring around the stem is inconclusive, however, because rings may be fragile, present when mushrooms are young and disappearing with age. However, they can be distinguished by their black spores. Although careful attention to identification details and habitat will exclude virtually all of these look-alikes fairly quickly, the danger is that someone might not pay attention. Edges are pale. Foragers are in for a treat: P. cinctulus season runs from spring to early fall, making it a popular magic mushroom to hunt for over the summer months. Although careful attention to identification details and habitat will exclude virtually all of these look-alikes fairly quickly, the danger is that someone might not pay attention. Panaeolus cinctulus is mildly psychoactive. But while people sometimes publish dosage recommendations, both mushroom potency and human sensitivity can very so much that results are really hard to predict. Come find out the supplement industry's dirty secret. One can imagine the annoyance of the farmers as they pick out the unsalable weeds from among the cropan ironic association, given that P. cinctulus has become a valuable (albeit illegal) crop in its own right, thanks to its status as a magic mushroom. Magic mushrooms refer to a group of fungi that produce the psychoactive compound psilocybin. Agrocybe pediadesYellowish cap, lighter gills. Many personal, spiritual, and medicinal benefits are claimed for psilocybin, and some preliminary research suggests at least some of the claims may be correct. Toxins: Carefully identified lawnmower's mushrooms in the Pacific northwest did not contain detectable levels of the hallucinogen psilocybin8. Panaeolus Retrugis As a note, the closest look-alikes on lawns are the Panaeolina Foenisecci. Due to its wide distribution, the origins of this mushroom are uncertaina factor which may have been further confused by commercial edible mushroom cultivators shipping spawn contaminated with P. cinctulus around the world. It can be found in many regions, including Africa (South Africa), Austria, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Ontario, Quebec), Nova Scotia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Guadeloupe, Estonia, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, South Korea, Japan, Mexico, New Guinea, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Russia, Slovenia, South America (Argentina, Chile, Brazil) and the United States (it is common in Oregon, Alaska, Washington, and both Northern and Southern California, but is also known to occur in all 50 states). Cap: Medium-sized, almost flat at maturity, tan to reddish or orangish brown. Gill edges are white and slightly fringed, but turn blackish when fully mature.