An independent military force, the militia proved difficult to disband, and frequently it turned against the dynasty in the early 20th century. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures which were used by the religious groups. After 48 years, official Zeng Guofan studied and was inspired by the dynasty's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion while considering ways to defeat the Taiping movement. It had cost the lives of countless civilians and regular troops, including more than 400 high officers, and consumed more than 200 million liang /tael, which corresponded to four times the annual revenues of the state treasury. 5 recommendations for White Lotus Dental from neighbors in Frisco, TX. The White Lotus Rebellion - Home One such official was Huang Yupian (), who refuted the ideas which were found in the scriptures which expressed orthodox Confucian and Buddhist views in A Detailed Refutation of Heresy ( Pxi Xingbin), which was written in 1838. ." And so the war was waged. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (1127-1279). The Cult of the White Lotus, a secret revolutionary society, has once again become popular among the common people. Rather than following the path of Japan's Meiji Restoration and modernizing the country, Cixi purged her court of modernizers. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. }, Page last modified: The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. The White Lotus led impoverished settlers into rebellion, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. Definition 1 / 6 - rebellion began in 1794; rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China - large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces The White Lotus Rebellion was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. [6] The group forecast the advent of Maitreya, advocated restoration of the native Chinese Ming Dynasty, and promised personal salvation to its followers while promising the return of the Buddha.[7]. The end of the White Lotus Rebellion in 1804 also brought an end to the myth of the military invincibility of the Manchus, contributing to the increasing frequency of rebellions in the 19th century. He declared that to prevent the capture of the young prince when a child, he had fled with him and concealed him beyond the borders of China. Contents 1 Daze Village Uprising 2 Rebellion of the Seven States 3 Llin 4 Chimei 5 Yellow Turban Rebellion 6 Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion 7 An Shi Rebellion 8 Red Turban Rebellion 9 Li Zicheng's Rebellion 10 Revolt of the Three Feudatories Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. With its weaknesses exposed, China began to lose power over its peripheral regions. White Lotus Dental - Frisco, TX - Nextdoor A decree by the Daoguang Emperor admitted, "it was extortion by local officials that goaded the people into rebellion" By threatening the arrest of people who engaged in sectarian activities, local officials and police extorted money from people. Only after 1800 did the Qing government adopt new tactics that established local militias (tuan) to help surround and destroy the White Lotus. 10 New Religions That Were Mercilessly Crushed - Listverse All our content comes from Wikipedia and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. After more than 2,000 years, though, Chinese imperial power under the last Chinese dynasty was about to collapse for good. Find your perfect car with Edmunds expert reviews, car comparisons, and pricing tools. [9] The Qianlong emperor ordered that the Eight Banner armies, whether they had Manchu or Han banners, were not to be used to suppress internal uprisings, so the Qing mainly relied on the Han Chinese Green Standard Army and Han militias in order to suppress rebellions such as the White Lotus. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608. A White Lotus rebellion known as the Red Turban Uprising helped Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty, capture Beijing, but he turned against the group once he had achieved imperial power. - rebellion began in 1794; rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China, - the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces, - was initiated as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. Actual participation in sect activities had no impact on an arrest; whether or not monetary demands were met, however, did. [3] According to Ter Haar, it is clear that the "White Lotus" rebels of the uprisings that occurred between 1796 and 1804 did not voluntarily use the term "White Lotus" to refer to themselves or their movement. Red Turban Rebellion | Military Wiki | Fandom Alternate titles: Bailianjiao, Pai-lien chiao, San Jos State University - The White Lotus Religion in China. [CDATA[ One of the tools they used to stay in power was a very strict restriction on trade. Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. This book has since become an invaluable source in understanding the beliefs of these groups. ", Dai, Yingcong. Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. [11], The tide of the rebellion was turned by Qing leaders relying on the local gentry-raised private militias of Hunan, Hubei and Shaanxi. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under Mongol rule. This internecine war lasted over ten years, at a cost of tens of thousands of lives and an expenditure, by the government alone, of two hundred million taels in money. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the Jin dynasty founded by Huiyuan in Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. The Qings were from Manchuria, and they established their dynasty as a conquering force of the Ming dynasty by non-Chinese outsiders, maintaining that identity and organization throughout their 268-year reign. Barend Joannes Ter Haar has argued that the term "White Lotus" was used primarily by Ming and Qing imperial bureaucrats to disparagingly explain a wide range of unconnected millenarian traditions, rebel movements, and popular religious practices. Dream Homes of Texas on Instagram: "POV: Your Brand New Ultra-Luxury Build in Frisco, Texas by the prestigious @monaco_pinnacle Follow @americas_realtor fore more luxury" BJ Ter Haar has argued that the term "White Lotus" was used primarily by Ming and Qing imperial bureaucrats to disparagingly explain a wide range of unconnected millenarian traditions, rebel movements, and popular religious practices. List of rebellions in China | Military Wiki | Fandom They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the Jin dynasty founded by Huiyuan in Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. As one Qing official complained:[9]. White Lotus sectarianism appealed to other Chinese, most notably to women and to the poor, who found solace in worship of the Eternal Mother, who was to gather all her children at the millennium into one family. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. The White Lotus rebellion was an eight year uprising that led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. "Issues and Trends in China's Demographic History." The leader, herbalist and martial artist Wang Lun, led an uprising that captured three small cities and laid siege to the larger city of Linqing, a strategic location on the north-south Grand Canal transportation route. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than 4,000 soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. White Lotus Rebellion - Wikiwand It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion."[7]. Imperial Mistakes ", in, Zhang Shucai (1992). In the closing years of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, they organized resistance to the foreign overlords, and now they are doing so again, but against the reigning Ming Dynasty! Having attained the Mandate of Heaven and the status of Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang named his period of reign "Hongwu" (thus he was known as the Hongwu Emperor) and founded a new dynasty the Ming dynasty. Issues and Trends in China's Demographic History. Ming events - Europa Universalis 4 Wiki - Paradox Wikis It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion.". Consequently, a person's actual participation in sectarian activities had no impact on his or her arrest; what really mattered was whether monetary demands were met or not. "[5] Forty-eight years later, Zeng Guofan, leader of Hunan-based Xiang Army studied the Qing government's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion and he was inspired by them while he was considering ways to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. Updates? It took almost ten years and huge financial waste to defeat the badly equipped White Lotus Rebellion (1795-1804), partly by legitimizing militias led by local Hn Chinese elites. [1] A smaller precursor to the main rebellion broke out in 1774, under the leadership of the martial-arts and herbal-healing expert Wang Lun in Shandong province of northern China. The Qing dynasty promoted itself as a conquering force, ruling China for 268 years before collapsing in 19111912. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. 22 Feb. 2023 . He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 In the deeply forested border area between the provinces Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, a lot of homeless "floating" people (liumin ) had gathered to escape the grip of landowners, creditors and tax collectors. By the mid-19th century, the Qing dynasty had been in power for over a century, and the elites and many of their subjects felt they had a heavenly mandate to remain in power. Qing rule gradually collapsed during the second half of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th, due to a complicated interplay between internal and external factors. "The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912." XIX Century Civil Wars. Without a clear enemy to fight against, brutality against civilians became more common. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. (February 22, 2023). These three Atlantic RevolutionsAmerican, French, and Haitianwere part of a broader world crisis at the end of the eighteenth century. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/White-Lotus-Rebellion, Ancient Origins - The White Lotus Society and the Demise of Mongol Rule in China, GlobalSecurity.org - White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804. The Red Turban Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Hngjn Qy) was an uprising influenced by the White Lotus Society members that, between 1351 and 1368, targeted the ruling Yuan Dynasty of China, eventually leading to its overthrowing. Strong rebel leaders began to have major impacts on the ability of the Qing to rule. A major contribution to the downfall of the last dynasty were external forces, in the form of new Western technologies, as well as a gross miscalculation on the part of the Qing as to the strength of European and Asian imperialistic ambitions. Consequently, a person's actual participation in sectarian activities had no impact on his or her arrest; what really mattered was whether monetary demands were met or not. . Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. Because of the brutality of the Qing troops, however, the troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. It was an organized religion, which was once popular in Yuan Dynasty. Used Lotus Evora 400 for Sale in Frisco, TX | Edmunds //]]>. The White Lotus Rebellion began as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. Other White Lotus spinoffs include the Eight Trigrams, the Tiger Whips, and the Yihequan (Boxers). The calamitous Opium Wars seemed to prove that the alien ruling dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven and needed to be overthrown. Here, the White Lotus led impoverished settlers into rebellion, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608. White Lotus | Chinese cult | Britannica This rebellion wasn't the direct down fall of the Qing dynasty. The History of White Lotus Rebellion - Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia [9], Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, the area of the boundary between Henan and Anhui was perpetually plagued by White Lotus revolts, the White Lotus rebels were frequently in league with the area's brigands and salt smugglers. Asia for Educators, Columbia University, 2009. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under the Mongol -led Yuan dynasty. The Tipng Rebellion (1850-1864), a large-scale uprising that started in southern China, marched within miles of the capital in 1853. White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 - globalsecurity.org Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. This page was last updated at 2022-12-21 05:40 UTC. Although the rebellion was finally crushed by the Qing government after eight years of fighting, it marked a sharp decline in the strength and prosperity of the Qing dynasty. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . It broke out (1796) among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan prov. Only after 1800 did the Qing government adopt new tactics that established local militias (tuan) to help surround and destroy the White Lotus. Then a turn of fortune and successive victories of the imperialists would almost annihilate their armies and crush all their hopes. By 1387, after more than 30 years of war, their leader, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered the North China Plain and occupied the Yuan capital Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing). Qing control weakened and prosperity diminished by the 19th century. The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. Qing Dynasty, China's Last Imperial Family, The Boxer Rebellion in Editorial Cartoons, Biography of Sun Yat-sen, Chinese Revolutionary Leader, The Fall of the Ming Dynasty in China in 1644, Tibet and China: History of a Complex Relationship, The Complex Structure of Ethnic Conflict in the Frontier: Through the Debates Around the 'Jindandao Incident' in 1891, The Monarch and Inner/Outer Court Dualism in Late Imperial China, 'Revolution': Conceptualizing Political and Social Change in the Late Qing Dynasty, Moving to the Right Place at the Right Time: Economic Effects on Migrants of the Manchuria Plague of 191011, Size and Dynastic Decline: The Principal-Agent Problem in Late Imperial China, 17001850. What should be done with these revolutionary cultists? The White Lotus Rebellion Another important rebellion launched by members of the White Lotus Society was the White Lotus Rebellion . This is a list of major rebellions that have occurred in China from 209 BCE to present times. _____ us amazing stories about her youth in Hong Kong. List of battleships of the United States Navy, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, http://www.scribd.com/doc/37359117/Bodycount-Final, http://books.google.com/books?id=Md801mHEeOkC&pg=PA9, History of Chinese Culture on History.com. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . Szczepanski, Kallie. What anecdote, or short personal story, does Didion tell at the beginning of the essay "Georgia O'Keeffe"? He simply and quietly disappeared. At the same time, technologies for treating contagious diseases such as smallpox, and the extensive use of fertilizers and irrigation techniques were also imported from the West. The feared Manchu banners, since their conquests of the early 1700s, showed they were no longer a military force of much value, and the emperor had to recruit a new army made up of Chinese militia. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"uAtwiiQKDz3pej8tikjjXf8qtftBywxw48FuRjxp2JM-86400-0"}; During much of that time, China was the single, undisputed superpower in East Asia, with neighboring lands such as Korea, Vietnam, and an often-reluctant Japan trailing in its cultural wake. Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. When Chinese peasants raised a huge anti-foreigner movement in 1900, called the Boxer Rebellion, they initially opposed both the Qing ruling family and the European powers (plus Japan).
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